Nephrology Exit Examination
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چکیده
........................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 3 PHARMACODYNAMIC PROPERTIES................................ 4 PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES .................................. 5 (A) ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION.......................................... 5 (B) METABOLISM AND ELIMINATION ........................................... 5 (C) PHARMACOKINETICS-EFFICACY RELATIONSHIP AND THERAPEUTIC MONITORING ..................................................... 5 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING ................................ 9 (A) PHARMACOKINETIC MONITORING ........................................ 9 (B) PHARMACODYNAMIC MONITORING..................................... 13 CLINICAL EFFICACY........................................................ 16 (A) PREVENTION OF ACUTE REJECTION .................................. 16 (B) TREATMENT OF ACUTE REJECTION.................................... 20 (C) TREATMENT OF CHRONIC REJECTION................................ 22 (D) USE AS A CYCLOSPORIN-SPARING AGENT ......................... 25 (E) USE AS A CORTICOSTEROID-SPARING AGENT .................... 26 (F) USE IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS............................................. 29 TOLERABILITY ................................................................. 31 CONCLUSION................................................................... 35 REFERENCES................................................................... 38 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
منابع مشابه
The CARI guidelines. Evidence for peritonitis treatment and prophylaxis: peritoneal dialysis catheter-related infection: exit site and tunnel.
Exit site infection (ESI) has been defined as clinically apparent infection at the exit site with or without a positive culture. Included in this definition is catheter tunnel tract infection. Clinical signs of infection include purulent drainage, redness, swelling, warmth and tenderness over or around the exit site. Exit site and tunnel infections are a significant cause of morbidity and are r...
متن کاملPseudomonas exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
The purpose of this study is to examine the natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients treated with oral ciprofloxacin and local exit site care. A retrospective view was undertaken of 18 episodes of P. aeruginosa exit site infections developing in 17 patients maintained on CAPD during 1989 and 1990. Standardized th...
متن کاملNew strategies to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infections in peritoneal dialysis patients.
The importance of Staphylococcus aureus as etiological agent for catheter-related infections and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients is well established. To evaluate groups at risk of developing Staphylococcus aureus infections, nasal and exit-site cultures were performed in 76 peritoneal dialysis patients monthly over a period of 3 yr. The risk of Staphylococcus aureus catheter infecti...
متن کاملCurrent approach to exit-site infections in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
John Hershey is a 25-year-old man with ESRD secondary to interstitial nephritis. He has a swan-neck, coiled peritoneal dialysis catheter implanted 10 weeks ago and is doing nightly tidal peritoneal dialysis and still has good residual renal function. A week ago John called his primary nurse at the PD clinic to report ‘I think I hurt my exit site. It is red, and there was some drainage’. A cultu...
متن کاملRoutine use of mupirocin at the peritoneal catheter exit site and mupirocin resistance: still low after 7 years.
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study (the third in a series of similar studies) is to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and mupirocin-resistant SA (MuRSA) carriers in a peritoneal dialysis centre where patients have been instructed to use prophylactic mupirocin ointment at the catheter exit site over the last 7 years. METHODS Swabs were take...
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